BLOG NO -003

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2008-04-26T19:10:00.001-07:00

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2008-04-22T20:41:00.001-07:00

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2008-04-22T20:38:00.000-07:00

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DA VINCI CODE 21-15

2008-04-06T01:59:00.004-07:00

Langdon was suddenly feeling more certain about this, and yet the conclusion left an obvious gaping lapse in the logic of Saunière's actions.

Why me? Langdon wondered, heading down the hall. Why was Saunière's dying wish that his estranged granddaughter find me? What is it that Saunière thinks I know?

With an unexpected jolt, Langdon stopped short. Eyes wide, he dug in his pocket and yanked out the computer printout. He stared at the last line of Saunière's message.

P.S. Find Robert Langdon.

He fixated on two letters.

P.S.

In that instant, Langdon felt Saunière's puzzling mix of symbolism fall into stark focus. Like a peal of thunder, a career's worth of symbology and history came crashing down around him. Everything Jacques Saunière had done tonight suddenly made perfect sense.

Langdon's thoughts raced as he tried to assemble the implications of what this all meant. Wheeling, he stared back in the direction from which he had come.

Is there time?

He knew it didn't matter.

Without hesitation, Langdon broke into a sprint back toward the stairs.

FOR CHAPTER 22 CLICK HERE.

DA VINCI CODE 21-14

2008-04-06T01:59:00.003-07:00

P.S. Find Robert Langdon.

Saunière had written Langdon's name on the floor, commanding Sophie to find him. But why? Merely so Langdon could help her break an anagram?

It seemed quite unlikely.

After all, Saunière had no reason to think Langdon was especially skilled at anagrams. We've never even met. More important, Sophie had stated flat out that she should have broken the anagram on her own. It had been Sophie who spotted the Fibonacci sequence, and, no doubt, Sophie who, if given a little more time, would have deciphered the message with no help from Langdon.

Sophie was supposed to break that anagram on her own

DA VINCI CODE 21 -12

2008-04-06T01:59:00.001-07:00

To the right gaped a murky restoration studio out of which peered an army of statues in various states of repair. To the left, Langdon saw a suite of studios that resembled Harvard art classrooms—rows of easels, paintings, palettes, framing tools—an art assembly line.

As he moved down the hallway, Langdon wondered if at any moment he might awake with a start in his bed in Cambridge. The entire evening had felt like a bizarre dream. I'm about to dash out of the Louvre... a fugitive.

Saunière's clever anagrammatic message was still on his mind, and Langdon wondered what Sophie would find at the Mona Lisa... if anything. She had seemed certain her grandfather meant for her to visit the famous painting one more time. As plausible an interpretation as this seemed, Langdon felt haunted now by a troubling paradox.

DA VINCI CODE 21-10

2008-04-06T01:58:00.006-07:00

"I'll come."

"No! We don't know how long the Grand Gallery will stay empty. You have to go."

Langdon seemed hesitant, as if his own academic curiosity were threatening to override sound judgment and drag him back into Fache's hands.

"Go. Now." Sophie gave him a grateful smile. "I'll see you at the embassy, Mr. Langdon."

Langdon looked displeased. "I'll meet you there on one condition," he replied, his voice stern.

She paused, startled. "What's that?"

"That you stop calling me Mr. Langdon."

Sophie detected the faint hint of a lopsided grin growing across Langdon's face, and she felt herself smile back. "Good luck, Robert."

When Langdon reached the landing at the bottom of the stairs, the unmistakable smell of linseed oil and plaster dust assaulted his nostrils. Ahead, an illuminated SORTIE/EXIT displayed an arrow pointing down a long corridor.

Langdon stepped into the hallway.

DA VINCI CODE 21-9

2008-04-06T01:58:00.005-07:00

"I think my grandfather may have left me a message at

the Mona Lisa—some kind of clue as to who killed him. Or why I'm in danger." Or what happened to my family. "I have to go see."

"But if he wanted to tell you why you were in danger, why wouldn't he simply write it on the floor where he died? Why this complicated word game?"

"Whatever my grandfather was trying to tell me, I don't think he wanted anyone else to hear it. Not even the police." Clearly, her grandfather had done everything in his power to send a confidential transmission directly to her. He had written it in code, included her secret initials, and told her to find Robert Langdon—a wise command, considering the American symbologist had deciphered his code. "As strange as it may sound," Sophie said, "I think he wants me to get to the Mona Lisa before anyone else does."

DA VINCI 21-8

2008-04-06T01:58:00.003-07:00

"Princess," he smiled. "Life is filled with secrets. You can't learn them all at once."

"I'm going back up," Sophie declared, her voice hollow in the stairwell.

"To the Mona Lisa?" Langdon recoiled. "Now?"

Sophie considered the risk. "I'm not a murder suspect. I'll take my chances. I need to understand what my grandfather was trying to tell me."

"What about the embassy?"

Sophie felt guilty turning Langdon into a fugitive only to abandon him, but she saw no other option. She pointed down the stairs to a metal door. "Go through that door, and follow the illuminated exit signs. My grandfather used to bring me down here. The signs will lead you to a security turnstile. It's monodirectional and opens out." She handed Langdon her car keys. "Mine is the red SmartCar in the employee lot. Directly outside this bulkhead. Do you know how to get to the embassy?"

Langdon nodded, eyeing the keys in his hand.

"Listen," Sophie said, her voice softening.

DA VINCI 21-7

2008-04-06T01:58:00.001-07:00

"Foggy," her grandfather tutored.

"Foggy," Sophie repeated, knowing the conversation would not continue until she repeated her new vocabulary word.

"That's called the sfumato style of painting," he told her, "and it's very hard to do. Leonardo da Vinci was better at it than anyone."

Sophie still didn't like the painting. "She looks like she knows something... like when kids at school have a secret."

Her grandfather laughed. "That's part of why she is so famous. People like to guess why she is smiling."

"Do you know why she's smiling?"

"Maybe." Her grandfather winked. "Someday I'll tell you all about it."

Sophie stamped her foot. "I told you I don't like secrets!"

DA VINCI 21-6

2008-04-06T01:57:00.004-07:00

Sophie was not sure what she had expected to feel, but it most certainly was not this. No jolt of amazement. No instant of wonder. The famous face looked as it did in books. She stood in silence for what felt like forever, waiting for something to happen.

"So what do you think?" her grandfather whispered, arriving behind her. "Beautiful, yes?"

"She's too little."

Saunière smiled. "You're little and you're beautiful."

I am not beautiful, she thought. Sophie hated her red hair and freckles, and she was bigger than all the boys in her class. She looked back at the Mona Lisa and shook her head. "She's even worse than in the books. Her face is... brumeux."

DA VINCI 21-5

2008-04-06T01:57:00.003-07:00

"Up ahead is the Salle des Etats," her grandfather said as they approached the Louvre's most famous room. Despite her grandfather's obvious excitement, Sophie wanted to go home. She had seen pictures of the Mona Lisa in books and didn't like it at all. She couldn't understand why everyone made such a fuss.

"C'est ennuyeux," Sophie grumbled.

"Boring," he corrected. "French at school. English at home."

"Le Louvre, c'est pas chez moi!" she challenged.

He gave her a tired laugh. "Right you are. Then let's speak English just for fun."

Sophie pouted and kept walking. As they entered the Salle des Etats, her eyes scanned the narrow room and settled on the obvious spot of honor—the center of the right-hand wall, where a lone portrait hung behind a protective Plexiglas wall. Her grandfather paused in the doorway and motioned toward the painting.

"Go ahead, Sophie. Not many people get a chance to visit her alone."

Swallowing her apprehension, Sophie moved slowly across the room. After everything she'd heard about the Mona Lisa, she felt as if she were approaching royalty. Arriving in front of the protective Plexiglas, Sophie held her breath and looked up, taking it in all at once.

DA VINCI 21-4

2008-04-06T01:57:00.001-07:00

Sophie gazed back up the emergency stairwell and felt torn. She knew she should usher Langdon from the museum immediately, and yet instinct urged her to the contrary. As Sophie recalled her first childhood visit to the Denon Wing, she realized that if her grandfather had a secret to tell her, few places on earth made a more apt rendezvous than Da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

"She's just a little bit farther," her grandfather had whispered, clutching Sophie's tiny hand as he led her through the deserted museum after hours.

Sophie was six years old. She felt small and insignificant as she gazed up at the enormous ceilings and down at the dizzying floor. The empty museum frightened her, although she was not about to let her grandfather know that. She set her jaw firmly and let go of his hand.

DA VINCI 21-3

2008-04-06T01:56:00.002-07:00

The Mona Lisa!

Why his final words to her referenced the famous painting, Sophie had no idea, but she could think of only one possibility. A disturbing one.

Those were not his final words....

Was she supposed to visit the Mona Lisa? Had her grandfather left her a message there? The idea seemed perfectly plausible. After all, the famous painting hung in the Salle des Etats—a private viewing chamber accessible only from the Grand Gallery. In fact, Sophie now realized, the doors that opened into the chamber were situated only twenty meters from where her grandfather had been found dead.

He easily could have visited the Mona Lisa before he died

DA VINCI 21-2

2008-04-06T01:56:00.001-07:00

Sophie had

spent three days with an English dictionary until she found them all.

"I can't imagine," Langdon said, staring at the printout, "how your grandfather created such an intricate anagram in the minutes before he died."

Sophie knew the explanation, and the realization made her feel even worse. I should have seen this! She now recalled that her grandfather—a wordplay aficionado and art lover—had entertained himself as a young man by creating anagrams of famous works of art. In fact, one of his anagrams had gotten him in trouble once when Sophie was a little girl. While being interviewed by an American art magazine, Saunière had expressed his distaste for the modernist Cubist movement by noting that Picasso's masterpiece Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was a perfect anagram of vile meaningless doodles. Picasso fans were not amused.

"My grandfather probably created this Mona Lisa anagram long ago," Sophie said, glancing up at Langdon. And tonight he was forced to use it as a makeshift code. Her grandfather's voice had called out from beyond with chilling precision.

Leonardo da Vinci!

DA VINCI 21-1

2008-04-06T01:55:00.000-07:00

The Mona Lisa.

For an instant, standing in the exit stairwell, Sophie forgot all about trying to leave the Louvre.

Her shock over the anagram was matched only by her embarrassment at not having deciphered the message herself. Sophie's expertise in complex cryptanalysis had caused her to overlook simplistic word games, and yet she knew she should have seen it. After all, she was no stranger to anagrams—especially in English.

When she was young, often her grandfather would use anagram games to hone her English spelling. Once he had written the English word "planets" and told Sophie that an astonishing sixty-two other English words of varying lengths could be formed using those same letters.

KERBEROS -WORKING EXPLAINED

2008-02-23T05:01:00.001-08:00

Kerberos: The Working

So when does Kerberos jump in? Well, as soon as you want to login and type in your Username in the space provided. As soon as you type the confidential information, the Kerberos sends it to the Authentication Server or the AS. Then, the AS replies to the client with the session key and something called the Ticket Granting Ticket. Both the session key and the Ticket Granting ticket are encrypted by the user’s key. Now, before we go on, I think there is need to explain certain things involved in the above process.

Now, you must remember that the client and the Authentication Server and the client share an encryption key, which is used to encrypt data. This encrypted data is understandable (de-cryptable) by only the AS and the client. This encryption key is generated from the User’s Password. This means that, passing the User’s password through a certain predefined formula derives this encryption key. Similarly all Servers, which provide services to clients, share an encryption key with the AS.

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2008-02-13T06:29:00.000-08:00

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2008-02-05T08:32:00.000-08:00

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2008-02-03T13:54:00.000-08:00

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2008-01-29T06:07:00.000-08:00

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2008-01-11T14:17:00.000-08:00

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2008-01-11T13:59:00.000-08:00

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2008-01-10T06:28:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-22T00:49:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-21T19:29:00.001-08:00

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Donate Boat

2007-12-21T18:42:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-20T20:08:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-20T19:13:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-20T18:44:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-20T18:36:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-20T18:24:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-18T05:32:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-17T19:31:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-17T19:28:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-17T19:24:00.000-08:00

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2007-12-17T19:21:00.000-08:00

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GRAPHICS

2007-12-08T19:33:00.001-08:00

The earliest graphics known to anthropologists studying prehistoric periods are cave paintings and markings on boulders, bone, ivory, and antlers, which were created during the Upper Palaeolithic period from 40,000 - 10,000 B.C. or earlier. Many of these were found to record astronomical, seasonal, and chronological details. Some of the earliest graphics and drawings known to the modern world, from almost 6,000 years ago, are that of engraved stone tablets and ceramic cylinder seals, marking the beginning of the historic periods and the keeping of records for accounting and inventory purposes. Records from Egypt predate these and papyrus was used by the Egyptians as a material on which to plan the building of pyramids; they also used slabs of limestone and wood. From 600-250 BC, the Greeks played a major role in geometry. They used graphics to represent their mathematical theories such as the Circle Theorem and the Pythagorean theorem.

Drawing

Main articles: Drawing and Technical drawing

Drawing generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, blending, and shading.

Cleft (graphic by Irina Minaeva)

Drawing is generally considered distinct from painting, in which colored pigments are suspended in a liquid medium and are usually applied with a brush. Notable great drawers include Sir Michael Ash and Leonardo da Vinci.

Painting

Main article: Painting

In the Middle Ages and Post Modern Ages, paintings were very distorted; for example, people on a castle wall appeared disproportionately large because they were the painting's focus. Later, realism and perspective became more important, characterized by the technique of looking through a wire mesh to precisely copy dimensions onto a corresponding grid drawn on canvas. During the Renaissance, artists took a non-mathematical approach to drawing. Giotto di Bondone and Duccio di Buoninsegna made great advancements in perspective drawing, using symmetry, converging lines and foreshortening. Many renaissance painters also used fresco - painting directly onto walls - a technique which finds its prototype in cave and rock art. Graphics of this kind, from 30-40,000 years ago, have survived in Australia and France. A modern day equivalent is the mural.

Printmaking

Main article: Printmaking

Printmaking originated in China after paper was invented (about A.D. 105). Relief printing first flourished in Europe in the 15th century, when the process of papermaking was imported from the East. Since that time, relief printing has been augmented by the various techniques described earlier, and printmaking has continued to be practiced as one of the fine arts.

Line Art

Main article: Line art

Line art is any image that consists of distinct straight and curved lines placed against a (usually plain) background, without gradations in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to represent two-dimensional or three-dimensional objects. Line art is usually monochromatic, although lines may be of different colors.

Etching

Main article: Etching

Etching

Etching is an intaglio method of printmaking in which the image is incised into the surface of a metal plate using an acid. The acid eats the metal, leaving behind roughened areas, or, if the surface exposed to the acid is very thin, burning a line into the plate. The process is believed to have been invented by Daniel Hopfer (circa 1470-1536) of Augsburg, Germany, who decorated armour in this way, and applied the method to printmaking.

Etching is also a preliminary step in lithography. The Dutch artist M.C. Escher mastered the technique to perfection, specialising in etchings of impossible structures and oriental interlocking designs.

Etching is also used in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards and semiconductor devices.

[edit] Illustration

Main article: Illustration

An illustration of a character from a story; also, an illustration of illustrations

An illustration is a visualisation such as a drawing, painting, photograph or other work of art that stresses subject more than form. The aim of an illustration is to elucidate or decorate a story, poem or piece of textual information (such as a newspaper article), traditionally by providing a visual representation of something described in the text. The editorial cartoon, also known as a political cartoon, is an illustration containing a political or social message.

Illustrations can be used to display a wide range of subject matter and serve a variety of functions, such as:

giving faces to characters in a story
displaying a number of examples of an item described in an academic textbook (e.g. A Typology)
visualising step-wise sets of instructions in a technical manual
communicating subtle thematic tone in a narrative
linking brands to the ideas of human expression, individuality and creativity
making a reader laugh or smile
for fun (to make laugh) funny

NOMANCLATURE OF A SHIP

2007-12-08T19:32:00.001-08:00

A ship usually has enough size to carry its own boats, such as lifeboats, dinghies, or runabouts. A rule of thumb used is "a boat can fit on a ship, but a ship can't fit on a boat". Consequently submarines are referred to as "boats", because early submarines were small enough to be carried aboard a ship in transit to distant waters. Other types of large vessels which are traditionally called boats are the Great Lakes freighter, the riverboat, and the ferryboat. Though large enough to carry their own boats and/or heavy cargoes, these examples are designed for operation on inland or protected coastal waters. Often local law and regulation will define the exact size (or the number of masts) which a boat requires to become a ship. Nautical means related to sailors, particularly customs and practices at sea. Naval is the adjective pertaining to ships, though in common usage it has come to be more particularly associated with the noun "navy."

HISTORY OF AIR PLANE

2007-12-08T19:31:00.001-08:00

The dream of flight goes back to the days of pre-history. Many stories from antiquity involve flight, such as the Greek legend of Icarus and Daedalus, and the Vimana in ancient Indian epics. The first recorded attempts at aviation were made by Yuan Huangtou and Abbas Ibn Firnas. Leonardo da Vinci drew an aircraft in the 15^th century. Francois Pilatre de Rozier and Francois d'Arlandes flew in an aircraft lighter than air, a balloon. The biggest challenge became to create other craft, capable of controlled flight.

Le Bris and his glider, Albatros II, photographed by Nadar, 1868

Sir George Cayley, the inventor of the science of aerodynamics, was building and flying models of fixed-wing aircraft as early as 1803, and he built a successful passenger-carrying glider in 1853.^[2] In 1856, Frenchman Jean-Marie Le Bris made the first powered flight, by having his glider "L'Albatros artificiel" pulled by a horse on a beach. On 28 August 1883, the American John J. Montgomery made a controlled flight in a glider. Other aviators who had made similar flights at that time were Otto Lilienthal, Percy Pilcher and Octave Chanute.

Self-powered aircraft were designed and constructed by Clément Ader. On October 9, 1890, Ader attempted to fly the Éole, which succeeded in taking off and flying uncontrolled a distance of approximately 50 meters before witnesses. In August 1892 the Avion II flew for a distance of 200 metres, and on October 14, 1897, Avion III flew a distance of more than 300 metres. Richard Pearse made a poorly documented uncontrolled flight on March 31, 1903 in Waitohi, New Zealand, and on August 28, 1903 in Hanover, the German Karl Jatho made his first flight.

The Wright Brothers are commonly credited with the invention of the powered controllable aircraft in the English speaking world[1]. They made their first successful test flights on December 17, 1903 and by 1905 Wright Flyer III was capable of fully controllable, stable flight for substantial periods. Strictly speaking, the Flyer's wings were not completely fixed, as it depended for stability on a flexing mechanism named wing warping. This was later superseded by the development of ailerons, devices which performed a similar function but were attached to an otherwise rigid wing.

Alberto Santos-Dumont a Brazilian living in France, built the first practical dirigible balloons from the end of the nineteenth century. In 1906 he flew the first fixed wing aircraft in Europe, the 14-bis, which was of his and Gabriel Voisin's design. It was the first aircraft to take off, fly and land without the use of catapults, high winds, or other external assistance. A later design of his, the Demoiselle, introduced ailerons and brought all around pilot control during a flight. In Brazil, Santos-Dumont is put forward as the true inventor of the aircraft, but owing to the competing claims, the concept of the invention of the first flying machine has substantial ambiguity.

Wars in Europe, in particular World War I, served as initial tests for the use of the aircraft as a weapon. First seen by generals and commanders as a "toy", the aircraft proved to be a machine of war capable of causing casualties to the enemy. In the first world war, the fighter "aces" appeared, of which the greatest was the German Manfred von Richthofen, commonly called the Red Baron. On the side of the allies, the ace with the highest number of downed aircraft was René Fonck, of France.

After the First World War, aircraft technology continued to develop. Alcock and Brown crossed the Atlantic non-stop for the first time in 1919, a feat first performed solo by Charles Lindbergh in 1927. The first commercial flights took place between the United States and Canada in 1919. The turbine or the jet engine was in development in the 1930s; military jet aircraft began operating in the 1940s.

Aircraft played a primary role in the Second World War, having a presence in all the major battles of the war, especially in the attack on Pearl Harbor, the battles of the Pacific, as well as the Battle of Britain. They were also an essential part of several of the military strategies of the period, such as the German Blitzkrieg or the American and Japanese Aircraft carriers.

In October 1947, Chuck Yeager was the first person to exceed the speed of sound, flying the Bell X-1.

Aircraft in a civil military role continued to feed and supply Berlin in 1948, when access to railroads and roads to the city, completely surrounded by Eastern Germany, were blocked, by order of the Soviet Union.

The first commercial jet, the de Havilland Comet, was introduced in 1952. A few Boeing 707s, the first widely successful commercial jet, are still in service after nearly 50 years. The Boeing 727 was another widely used passenger aircraft, and the Boeing 747 was the biggest commercial aircraft in the world up until 2005, when it was surpassed by the Airbus A380.

HISTORY OF BICYCLE

2007-12-08T19:30:00.002-08:00

Several innovators contributed to the history of the bicycle by developing precursor human-powered vehicles, including the velocipede, invented in 1763 in France by Pierre Lallement. The documented ancestors of today's modern bicycle were known as pushbikes, Draisines or hobby horses. To use the Draisine, first introduced to the public in Paris by the German Baron Karl von Drais in 1818^[3], the operator sat astride a wooden frame supported by two in-line wheels and pushed the vehicle along with his/her feet while steering the front wheel.

A penny-farthing or ordinary bicycle photographed in the Škoda museum in the Czech Republic

Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refined this in 1839 by adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel, thus creating the first true "bicycle" in the modern sense. In the 1850s and 1860s, Frenchmen Pierre Michaux and Pierre Lallement took bicycle design in a different direction, placing the pedals on an enlarged front wheel. Their creation, of wrought iron and wood, developed into the "penny-farthing" (more formally an ordinary bicycle), featuring a tubular steel frame on which were mounted wire spoked wheels with solid rubber tires. These bicycles were not, however, for the faint hearted, due to the very high seat and poor weight distribution.

The subsequent dwarf ordinary addressed some of these faults by reducing the front wheel diameter and setting the seat further back, necessitating the addition of gearing, effected in a variety of ways, to attain sufficient speed. However, having to both pedal and steer via the front wheel remained a problem. Starley's nephew, J. K. Starley, J. H. Lawson, and Shergold solved this problem by introducing the chain drive connecting the pedals held with the frame to the back wheel. These models were known as dwarf safeties, or safety bicycles, for their lower seat height and better weight distribution. Starley's 1885 Rover is usually described as the first recognizably modern bicycle. Soon, the seat tube was added, creating the double-triangle diamond frame of the modern bike.

Bicycle in Plymouth at the start of the 20th century

New innovations increased comfort, and ushered in a second bicycle craze, the 1890s' Golden Age of Bicycles. In 1888, Scotsman John Boyd Dunlop introduced the pneumatic tire, which soon became universal. Soon after, the rear freewheel was developed, enabling the rider to coast without the pedals spinning out of control. This refinement led to the 1898 invention of coaster brakes. Derailleur gears and hand-operated cable-pull brakes were also developed during these years, but were only slowly adopted by casual riders. By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing were soon extremely popular.

Bicycles and horse buggies were the two mainstays of private transportation just prior to the automobile, and the grading of smooth roads in the late 19th century was stimulated by the wide use of these devices.

HISTORY OF A CAR

2007-12-08T19:30:00.001-08:00

Although Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769, this claim is disputed by some, who doubt Cugnot's three-wheeler ever ran, while others claim Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam powered car around 1672.^[3]^[4] In either case François Isaac de Rivaz, a Swiss inventor, designed the first internal combustion engine which was fuelled by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen and used it to develop the world's first vehicle to run on such an engine. The design was not very successful, as was the case with Samuel Brown, Samuel Morey, and Etienne Lenoir who each produced vehicles powered by clumsy internal combustion engines.^[5]

In November 1881 French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile. This was at the International Exhibition of Electricity in Paris.^[6]

An automobile powered by an Otto gasoline engine was built in Mannheim, Germany by Karl Benz in 1885 and granted a patent in January of the following year under the auspices of his major company, Benz & Cie. which was founded in 1883.

Although several other German engineers (including Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus) were working on the problem at about the same time, Karl Benz is generally acknowledged as the inventor of the modern automobile.^[5] In 1879 Benz was granted a patent for his first engine, designed in 1878. Many of his other inventions made the use of the internal combustion engine feasible for powering a vehicle and in 1896, Benz designed and patented the first internal combustion flat engine.

Approximately 25 Benz vehicles were built and sold before 1893, when his first four-wheeler was introduced. They were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. Emile Roger of France, already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz automobile to his line of products. Because France was more open to the early automobiles, more were built and sold in France through Roger than Benz sold in Germany.

Daimler and Maybach founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (Daimler Motor Company, DMG) in Cannstatt in 1890 and under the brand name, Daimler, sold their first automobile in 1892. By 1895 about 30 vehicles had been built by Daimler and Maybach, either at the Daimler works or in the Hotel Hermann, where they set up shop after falling out with their backers. Benz and Daimler seem to have been unaware of each other's early work and worked independently.

Daimler died in 1900 and later that year, Maybach designed a model named Daimler-Mercedes, special-ordered by Emil Jellinek. Two years later, a new model DMG automobile was produced and named Mercedes after the engine. Maybach quit DMG shortly thereafter and opened a business of his own. Rights to the Daimler brand name were sold to other manufacturers.

Karl Benz proposed co-operation between DMG and Benz & Cie. when economic conditions began to deteriorate in Germany following the First World War, but the directors of DMG refused to consider it initially. Negotiations between the two companies resumed several years later and in 1924 they signed an Agreement of Mutual Interest valid until the year 2000. Both enterprises standardized design, production, purchasing, sales, and advertising—marketing their automobile models jointly—although keeping their respective brands. On June 28, 1926, Benz & Cie. and DMG finally merged as the Daimler-Benz company, baptizing all of its automobiles Mercedes Benz honoring the most important model of the DMG automobiles, the Maybach design later referred to as the 1902 Mercedes-35hp, along with the Benz name. Karl Benz remained a member of the board of directors of Daimler-Benz until his death in 1929.

In 1890, Emile Levassor and Armand Peugeot of France began producing vehicles with Daimler engines, and so laid the foundation of the motor industry in France. The first American car with a gasoline internal combustion engine supposedly was designed in 1877 by George Selden of Rochester, New York, who applied for a patent on an automobile in 1879. In Britain there had been several attempts to build steam cars with varying degrees of success with Thomas Rickett even attempting a production run in 1860.^[7] Santler from Malvern is recognized by the Veteran Car Club of Great Britain as having made the first petrol-powered car in the country in 1894^[8] followed by Frederick William Lanchester in 1895 but these were both one-offs.^[8] The first production vehicles came from the Daimler Motor Company, founded by Harry J. Lawson in 1896, and making their first cars in 1897.^[8]

In 1892, German engineer Rudolf Diesel got a patent for a "New Rational Combustion Engine". In 1897 he built the first Diesel Engine.^[5] In 1895, Selden was granted a United States patent(U.S. Patent 549,160 ) for a two-stroke automobile engine, which hindered more than encouraged development of autos in the United States. Steam, electric, and gasoline powered autos competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominance in the 1910s.

Although various pistonless rotary engine designs have attempted to compete with the conventional piston and crankshaft design, only Mazda's version of the Wankel engine has had more than very limited success.

BACHANS REVEALED THE AMOUNT SPENT ON ASH-ABHISHEK MARRIAGE

2007-12-01T17:23:00.000-08:00

On a day when Madhuri Dixit’s song was making news for political reasons, actor-turned-politician Jaya Bachchan was singing a different tune in Parliament.

The Samajwadi Party MP alleged she and her family was being harassed by the Income Tax department about the marriage of her son Abhishek Bachchan with Aishwarya Rai.

"In the name of service tax people are even asked how much they spent on beauty parlours and phoolwallahas (florists) in the marriage. I have got a notice I can bring it and put it on the table,” she said.

Later in the day, Bachchans issued a clarification of the expenditure on their son's wedding. The total money spent is about Rs 2 crore which included money spent on clothes, flowers, mehendi, food, security and transport.

They have issued a list of gifts received on the wedding day.

Jaya's outburst is evidence enough of the spat between the Samajwadi Party and Congress as also the strained relations between the Gandhis and the Bachchans.

This is not the first time that a Bachchan family member has complained of harassment by the Congress and the Government.

When the Mumbai Income Tax department sent a notice to Amitabh Bachchan for his Rs-1 lakh sunglasses, the Bachchan family cried foul.

Of course, the Congress disagreed the law is being unfair to the Bachchans. Of course, you know she is wrong in making these charges,” said Finance Minister P Chidambaram.

Congress scion Rahul Gandhi’s entry into the UP political scene had triggered a war of words between him and Jaya.

As Abhishek and Aishwarya take centrestage as the new Bollywood's glamour couple number one and Rahul is annointed the new prince, the split between the two families is complete.

INDIAN GOVT IS READING OUR MAILS ....EH ?

2007-12-01T17:21:00.002-08:00

This power will further be strengthened in the proposed revision of the IT Act," says cyber law expert Pavan Duggal.

Meanwhile, Privacy International, a global watchdog of privacy rights, had also reported that "India's Intelligence Bureau...have developed an e-mail interception tool similar to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Carnivore system, which it claims to use in anti-terrorist investigations."

The concept of privacy laws itself is a novelty in India, except for the Article 21 of the Indian Constitution which guarantees some semblance of privacy rights.

Even this legal protection is non enforceable, contends Privacy International. "The only protest came from People Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) when it filed a PIL in 1996 challenging the excessive powers of the state to spy on the citizens.

HACKED GADGETS

2007-12-01T17:21:00.001-08:00

Andreas Jakl developed the software and Stephan Selinger developed the hardware for the Shaker Racer at Symbian Resources. It reminds me of this RC Car Wiimote hack.

Stephan sent in some pictures of the car hardware and some additional details. Thanks Stephan!
“We are using an MSP430 microcontroller by Texas instruments on a board by www.olimex.com and the BlueNiceCom IV Bluetooth module. The microcontroller software is written in C.”

Video and some under the hood pictures after the jump.

“The car that we used is based on a standard €90 RC car bought from a toy shop. We modded it to accept Bluetooth instead of the proprietary wireless module that it was shipped with. A small microcontroller and a Bluetooth module replace the original wireless components. On the side of the mobile phone, a Python script translates the input of the acceleration sensor to commands that the microcontroller can understand in order to manage the steering servo as well as the main motor.

It turned out that this is a very intuitive and natural way to control the car. You do not need any practice as the concept can be understood instantly. So there’s nothing that can block your way to fun!”

Via: Hackszine

MOTOROLA MOTORIZR Z8

2007-12-01T17:19:00.001-08:00

The Motorola Motorizr Z8, why the Motorizr well because that is what it does, it rises as it is a slide phone that curves around your face to fit better than other slide phones. It’s ergonomic design impresses and has style. But the Motorola Motorizr Z8 is not simple about looks and style, it’s also a 3G phone allowing you to make face-to-face calls.

You will find the Motorola Motorizr Z8 also makes ultra fast web browsing via HSDPA and is great for email too. The RIZR Z8 has a 2 megapixel camera with one-click shutter button and LED light and red eye reduction. For the music fans there is an MP3 player, 80MB of storage, and Bluetooth technology.

The Carphone Warehouse have the Motorolar Mororizr Z8 on the O2 network who have a tariff of - 35 – 18 months, 600 minutes and 500 texts per month, £25 18 months line rental, FREE one month’s insurance, 512KB inclusive internet browsing, and a FREE Morotola MOTORIZR Z8 handset.

Bluetooth
WAP
Faster data with GPRS
Music player
Camera phone
Polyphonic ringtones
Colour screen
Voice dialling
World phone (Quad-band)
Speakerphone
Picture messaging
3G

PAY ATTENTION

2007-11-24T20:39:00.001-08:00

First-year students in an American Medical School were receiving a lecture from an Indian Professor

This was their first anatomy class with a real dead human body. They all gathered around the surgery table with the body covered with a white sheet.The professor started the class by telling them, "In medicine, it is necessary to have 2 important qualities as a doctor :

The first is that you are not disgusted by anything involving the human body." For an example, the professor pulled back the sheet, stuck his finger in the butt of the corpse, withdrew it and stuck it in his mouth."Go ahead and do the same thing," he told his students. The students freaked out, hesitated for several minutes, but eventually took turns sticking a finger in the butt of the dead body and sucking on it.

When everyone finished, the Professor looked at them calmly and told them, "The second most important quality is observation. I stuck in my middle finger and sucked on my index finger. Now learn to pay attention....."

2007-11-23T19:50:00.001-08:00

India will attend next week’s Annapolis Conference, probably the last attempt by United States President George Bush to revive the Israel-Palestinian peace process.

India is yet to send a formal acceptance, but Chinmaya R Gharekhan, India’s special envoy for West Asia, is all set to attend the conference. “India received an invitation and will take part in the conference," Gharekhan confirmed, saying it was appropriate that Delhi had been invited — with its close links with West Asia, India was “well-placed" to help in finding a peaceful solution.

The US-sponsored conference is meant to nudge Israel and Palestinian Authority towards a twonation solution — the establishment of an independent Palestine.

While the main conference — at a naval base in Annapolis, near Washington DC — is on November 27, the deliberations will begin a day earlier in the US capital. The three-day meet includes separate meetings of Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas with Bush.

Analysts see the conference as the last shot that George Bush has of a foreign policy success before he relinquishes office, most likely leaving the Iraq mess for his successor to clear up.

Officially, the US says the conference is meant to support the ‘courageous’ efforts of Olmert and Abbas in realising “President Bush’s vision of two democratic states”.

At a seminar organised by a Delhi think-tank, Observer Research Foundation, Gharekhan said he expected the event to lead to a “serious negotiating process”.

sachin-bio

2007-11-16T08:30:00.001-08:00

Full Name:	Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar
Date of Birth:	April 24, 1973
Place of Birth:	Mumbai
Major Teams:	India, Mumbai
Batting Style:	Right -Hand Batsman
Bowling Style:	Right Arm Medium, Leg Break, Right Arm Off Break
ODI Debut :	India v Pakistan at Gujranwala, 2nd ODI, 1989/90
Test Debut :	India v Pakistan at Karachi, 1st Test, 1989/90
Height :	5'5
The first batsman to score 10,000 runs in one-day cricket, making the record in the third game of a five-match series against Australia on the 31^st of March 2001. He reached the landmark when he scored 34 runs in his 266th match and 259th innings. Tendulkar, 27, in his amazing 12-year career, has scored a world record 28 hundreds and 50 half-centuries in his 10,000 runs. A genius without a doubt, this little master made his International debut in ODI’s and Tests at the age of 16 against Pakistan against the fiery pace of Wasim Akram and Waqar Younis. He then went to England as a part of the national side, and has not looked back ever since. The name itself strikes terror in the hearts of bowlers all around the world. Hailed as the next master-blaster following the legacy of the great West Indian Vivian Richards, this man has every shot in the book, and can kill any attack in the world when in full swing. There is nothing this man cannot do.